Introduction IoT Networking (Part I)

IoT Network (Part 1) : A Simplified Breakdown

In IoT network electrical and electronic systems filled with interconnected devices which is consist of a data source and multiple data sources consisting of sensors, collecting data from every corner and sent for further processing. The traditional internet TCP/IP is great for computers and smartphones but it is not enough to fulfilled the demand of IoT devices. 

Many challenges we can face in the traditional internet (TCP/IP) such as data moves slowly, (low throughput), messages disappeared (high packet loss), interruptions everywhere (noisy environment), tiny bits of information (small payloads) and devices moving around (changing topologies). Here we can solving the mystery of an IoT network.

We need to find new networking solutions that can handle the low speeds, noisy environments, and frequent changes of IoT devices.

IoT devices are the physical objects that are connected to the internet and IoT based thing's are IoT devices equipped with sensors.

Sensors gather data from the environment and sent through a local network (like Wi-Fi) and then to the internet.

In backend infrastructure includes servers, storage devices, and cloud-based services for processing and storing data.

What are some potential solutions that might work better for IoT networks?

Different sensor system using proprietary protocol stack. Different devices such as laptop, smartphone, PDA's and other devices using existing TCP/IP protocol stack of the internet. 

Organizations like IETF work on developing standards for IoT networking.

Understanding the Protocols:

How to enabling classical internet for IoT devices?

Proprietary non IP based solution

These are networking solutions that are developed and owned by a specific company or vendor. They do not use the Internet Protocol (IP) for communication. This means they have their own unique protocols and standards, which can limit interoperability with other systems.

Vendor Specific Gateways

These are devices that act as a bridge between proprietary networks and the internet. They translate data from the proprietary format to IP and vice versa. This allows proprietary devices to connect to the internet and communicate with other IP-based devices.

Internet Engineering Task Force IP Based Solution

The IETF is a non-profit organization that develops standards for the internet. They have created several IP-based solutions for IoT, which aim to improve interoperability and efficiency.

6LoWPAN ( IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks )

This group focuses on developing protocols for IPv6 over low-power wireless personal area networks.

It makes IPv6 compatible with low-power networks, enabling seamless communication between IoT devices.

Compresses IPv6 headers to fit over low-power networks like IEEE 802.15.4.

6LoWPAN is a set of protocols that allow IPv6 to be used over low-power wireless networks. It is designed to address the challenges of IoT, such as limited power, small payloads, and unreliable connections.

ROLL ( Routing Over Low power and Lossy networks )

This group focuses on developing routing protocols for low-power and lossy networks. It is a new routing protocol designed for IoT applications.

Improves routing efficiency in IoT networks, ensuring data is delivered reliably.

ROLL is a set of routing protocols designed for IoT networks. These protocols are optimized for low-power and lossy networks, and they can adapt to changing network conditions.

CoRE ( Constrained RESTful Environments )

This group focuses on developing constrained RESTful environments for IoT. Extends RESTful APIs to integrate IoT devices at the service level.

Simplifies the interaction between IoT devices and applications, making it easier to collect and process data.

CoRE provides a platform for applications meant for constrained IoT devices and useful for

IoT environments.

This framework views sensors and actuator resources and web resources.

The framework is limited to applications, which monitor basic sensors and supervise the

actuators.

CoAP includes a mechanism for service discovery and this service discovery

makes it very interesting.

CoRE is a set of protocols and guidelines for building IoT applications. It is based on the RESTful architecture style, which is commonly used for web applications. CoRE is designed to be lightweight and efficient, and it is suitable for IoT devices with limited resources.

Quality-of-Service (QoS) in IoT Networks

QoS in IoT networks refers to the ability to ensure that IoT applications receive the level of service they require. This involves managing the diverse traffic generated by IoT devices and controlling factors like resource utilization, data timeliness, availability, and delivery.

Key QoS Policies for IoT Networks

1. Resource Utilization:

Control of Storage and Bandwidth:

This ensures that there are sufficient resources for data reception and transmission.

QoS Policies

Resource Limit Policy:

Sets limits on message buffering to prevent devices from being overwhelmed. This is particularly useful for memory-constrained IoT devices.

Time Filter Policy:

Controls the rate at which data is sampled to avoid buffer overflow. This helps manage network bandwidth, memory, and processing power.

2. Data Timeliness:

Ensuring Timely Data Delivery:

This is crucial for applications that require real-time data, such as those used in industrial automation or healthcare.

QoS Policies:

Priority Queuing:

Assigns higher priority to time-sensitive data, ensuring it is processed and delivered first.

Deadline Scheduling:

Ensures that data is delivered within specified deadlines.

3. Data Availability:

Guaranteeing Data Access:

Ensures that data is accessible when needed, even in the face of network congestion or failures.

QoS Policies:

Redundancy:

Implements mechanisms to replicate data across multiple devices or locations, ensuring that it is available even if one node fails.

Error Correction:

Uses techniques to detect and correct errors in transmitted data, improving data integrity.

4. Data Delivery:

Ensuring Reliable Data Transmission:

Ensures that data is delivered correctly and without errors.

QoS Policies:

Flow Control:

Prevents data from being sent faster than it can be received, avoiding network congestion.

Error Detection and Correction:

Uses techniques like checksums and parity bits to detect and correct errors in transmitted data.

So, by carefully managing resource utilization, data timeliness, availability, and delivery, network operators can provide the necessary guarantees to meet the diverse requirements of IoT devices.