IIOT 4.0

Que. Z-wave applications and its features. Z-wave is a low power radio communication technology primarily used for home automation and security system. It was designed as a simple and cheaper alternative to Zigbee from small to medium range connectivity. It uses a mesh network topology to communicate between the devices. Supporting up to 232 nodes in a network . It operates on the unlicensed part of the industrial, scientific and medical. (ISM) band: 908.42 MHz in the US & 868.42 MHz in Europe, avoiding any interference with the 2.4Ghz band(Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and others). Features: A Z-wave network has 2 device categories: Controller and Slave. The controller is a central entity which sets up the Z-wave network and manages other slave devices in the network . The Network ID is of length 4 Bytes and Node ID is of length 1 Byte. The nodes can communicate only within their home network. It offers a data rate of up to 100 kbps and an average communication range of 30 meters . It use...

Que. Which communication protocols are important for IoT? IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee 6LoWPAN Wireless HART Z-Wave ISA 100 Bluetooth NFC RFID Que. IEEE 802.15.4 and its features? This standard provides a framework meant for lower layers (Media Access Control and PHY or Physical) for a wireless personal area network (WPAN). PHY defines frequency band, transmission power, and modulation scheme of the link. MAC defines issues such as medium access and flow control (frames). This standard is used for low power, low cost (manufacturing and operation), and low speed communication between neighboring devices (< ~75m) . Features: This standard utilizes DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) coding scheme to transmit information. DSSS uses phase shift keying modulation to encode information . BPSK - 868/915 MHz, data transmission rate 20/40 kbps respectively. OQPSK - 2.4 GHz, data transmission rate 250 kbps. DSSS scheme makes the standard highly tolerant to noise and interference and thereby imp...

Que. What is Transducer? Imagine a translator , but for energy instead of languages . That's basically what a transducer is! It's a device that takes energy in one form and converts it into another form. In other words transducer convert a signal from one physical form to another physical form . (Physical form: thermal, electric, mechanical, magnetic, chemical and optical.) Example: Microphone: Convert electrical to sound signal. Speaker: Convert sound signal to electrical signal Antenna: Convert electromagnetic energy into electricity and vice versa. Que. What is Sensor? The characteristic of any device or material to detect a presence of a particular physical quantity . The output of a sensor is signal which is converted to human readable form. It performs some functions to input by sensing or feeling some physical changes in the characteristics of a system in response to the physical parameters such as temperature, sound, pressure, light, gas etc. Output: Response to phy...